Osteoarthritis (osteoarthrosis or deforming arthrosis (DOA) or deforming arthrosis)- The disease of the joints in which the articular cartilage is affected in the early stages are included in the muscles, ligaments, nerves and bone tissue in the pathological process.
Osteoarthritis is an illness that develops due to various causes.This includes metabolic disorders, injuries, poisoning, etc.
Patients usually call "arthrosis" a joint disease in which pain, mobility restrictions and other unpleasant sensations are observed in the area of one or more joints, which is not always the case.Osteoarthritis and the associated pain develop due to the “aging” of the joints based on the effects of different negative factors.However, the causes of joint pain can be both infections and injuries, and in these cases we talk about other pathologies.
statistics
Up to 70% of the patients in the appointment of a general practitioner, therapist, neurologists, surgeons and rheumatologists complain about joint pain.Most of the time, these are pain in the lower back and in the area of large joints (knees, hips).Worldwide and especially in Russia, up to 70% of the cases of long -term incapacity to work are on arthrosis.There are quite a few patients - up to 10% of those who have passed the doctor due to advanced osteoarthritis receive disability and need constant support.Arthrosis is one of the main reasons for the early departure of a person from a full social life.In statistics it is only the second for coronary heart diseases.
The likelihood of developing osteoarthritis increases with increasing age: in people over 50, it occurs in 27% of cases, in older people who are over 70 years old people, the prevalence is 97% due to the financed pollution of the joints and the execution of their normal functions.
Causes and development
The main factor in the development of osteoarthritis is a violation of the diet of the articular cartilage, which leads to its destruction.It is not so important that this happens (great overweight, professional sport, features of work, hormonal disorders, innate common failures, etc.).The result is the same: the result: the result:
- Changes begin in the common cartilage, which leads to a loss of elasticity;Microreters appear in the thickness of the cartilage;
- The blood supply to the joint is disturbed, the production of articular fluid is reduced, the joint mechanics changes;
- Then all common structures, adjacent muscles and nerve endings are involved.
The listed degenerative diseases lead to the development of arthrosis symptoms, and the disease “begins” at the time when the constant mechanical stress for the joint (or joints) becomes transcendental and triggers the processes of its destruction.
Symptoms
In contrast to other common pathologies, arthrosis has been developing for a long time and imperceptibly.At the moment when the body signals the problem in the joint with severe pain, the pathological process has already started.
Pain is the main symptom for osteoarthritis (osteoarthrosis) in the early stages of the pain, which is not very expressed, weak and more comparable to symptoms.The unpleasant sensations in the joints occur independently after the load and without medical or medical intervention, but quickly become tangible and limit the usual human mobility.
Pain can occur in peace or at the beginning of the movement (the so -called "start"), for example in the morning after sleep or after a long session during the day in a position when they move.Arthrosis is also characterized by nocturnal calm, which also quickly decreases with the beginning of motor activity.Patients who are encountered by joint problems usually say that this disease, in order to eliminate unpleasant sensations, "to knead the knots", "arouse the joints", which generally characterizes exactly this disease.
Pain does not only arise due to disorders of the joint itself. If all components of the joint, muscles and nerve endings are involved in the process, the pain becomes diverse and painful: "shooting" along the nerve that spreads along the muscle.The blood supply to the joints, nerves, muscles is disturbed, degenerative changes occur quickly.
Through serious pathological changes in the joint and muscle tissue, temporary or constant restrictions on common mobility (contract mobility) are developed.For example, with arthrosis of the hip joints, the shortening of the limb, the "diagonal" of the pelvis and the curvature of the spine occur.
The crispness in the joints in the initial phases is almost invisible, but when the disease develops during the move, it becomes constant.This symptom affects patients with osteoarthritis even more than pain because it indicates serious diseases, especially the body and in particular the musculoskeletal system.
In the later stages of osteoarthritis, the joint is deformed, which is associated with the loss with the curvature of all articular surfaces, bone growth, a decrease in the amount of articular fluid and a subluxation of the joint.
Level
Depending on the severity of the symptoms, several stages of osteoarthritis are differentiated.
In the first stage there is no pain in calm and during the moderate stress they only appear after a high load (fitness, weight transmission, running) or after a long static position.One person has no restrictions and difficulties in moving.Medicines treatment is not required.
In the second stage of the pain, pronounced and constant, it quickly arises under the influence of provocative factors (longer walking, physical activity).Medical support is necessary, a treatment scheme should be prescribed, including medicines and not -drug methods.
In the third stage, the patient moves with difficulty, needs constant care, painful pain.As a rule, surgical treatment (endoprosthetics) and massive physiotherapy are necessary to restore the quality of life.
The symptoms of osteoarthritis occur at a young age, and in this case it is necessary not to ignore them, but to consult a doctor.The treatment prescribed promptly supports the normal function of the joints and helps to avoid the quick progress of the disease.